K型井架有限元分析与计算.pdf

摘 要 井架是石油钻机的重要组成部分，在钻井过程中主要起悬挂所需要的各种钻具、承 受钻井过程中的各种载荷、配合钻机钻到目的层的作用。井架结构的安全性、可靠性、 稳定性一直被人们所关注，因此对其进行强度分析、模态分析、稳定性分析等成为石油 钻机井架设计生产过程中必不可少的环节。准确的对井架进行受力分析，能够预防事故 发生，减少人员、财产损失。 本文以承受 225 吨钩载的 K 型井架为例，首先利用有限元分析软件，将井架离散为 空间梁单元，建立了井架的三维有限元模型。然后计算了井架在最大钩载加自重，起升 工作状态（包括起升角为零度，起升角为 15 度，起升角为 45 度三种起升工况），自重 和最大钩载在有（无）立根时的四种工作状态下的受力和变形。分析结果表明：四种工 况均能满足强度要求，井架在自重和最大钩载且钻机无立根风载的状态时最危险，其安 全系数最低，值为 1.64。最后本文对井架进行了整体稳定性分析，得到了前五阶的屈曲 载荷系数，分别为 4.9553 ，5.6988，7.3316，7.6551，8.5997。通过计算，得知井架一阶 失稳承受的钩载为 1114.9 吨，而实际上最大钩载为 225 吨，满足稳定性要求。这说明井 架稳定性比强度储备高，也就是说该井架首先发生破坏是因为强度不够，而不是整体结 构失稳。该井架在正常设计条件下能够满足强度和稳定性条件，并能安全可靠工作。 关键词：井架；有限元；强度；稳定性分析 Abstract Derrick is one important component of the oil rig,which plays an important role in hanging the various drilling, enduring the various loads in the drilling process and tying together drill drill into the target zone during the drilling.The safety, reliability and stability of derrick have been concerned to people, therefore, analysis of the strength, modal and stability were the essential part during procedure of production and design process.Accurately analyse the force of the derrick can prevent accidents, reduce personnel and loss of property. In this paper, the K-type derrick which endures 225 tons of hook was took for an example.First, the derrick was discreted into dimensional beam elements ,and the three-dimensional finite element model was established by the finite software .And then, the force and deformation of the derrick in the case of endure maximum hook load and the dead weight ,the sate of Lifting conditions(include the lifting angle of 0,15 and 45 ), the dead weight and maximum hook load (no pipe setback,full pipe setback).The results show that:th