(食品营养与安全)Chapter3The Remarkable Body.ppt

FAQ What do hormones have to do with nutrition? How dose the nervous system interact with nutrition? Why do people like sugar, fat and salt? How do “digestive juices” work? Are some food combinations more easily digested than others? When I eat more than my body needs, what happens to the extra nutrients? 1.The Body’s Cells The human body is made of trillions of cells. The life of body’s cells Skin cells and red blood cells: 10-120 days Digestive tract cells: 3 days Muscle cells: few years Liver cells: reproduce quickly and do so whenever repairs to the organ are needed Brain cells: do not reproduce at all; if damaged by injury or disease, lost forever The Body’s Cells Cells work in cooperation to support the whole body. Genes direct the making of each cell’s machinery, including enzyme Cells need: Energy Oxygen Water Nutrients 2. The Body Fluids and the Cardiovascular System The body’s main fluids are the blood and lymph Blood: arteries, veins and capillaries Lymph: travels in separate vessels of its own Body fluid supply the tissues continuously with energy, oxygen, and nutrients including water. Blood and lymph deliver nutrients and oxygen to all the body’s cells and carry waste materials away from them. Oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs 3. The hormonal and nervous systems Hormones: secrete by glands, affect nutrition by: nervous system digestive system Appetite Nervous system: Controlled by brain and spinal cord 3. The hormonal and nervous systems The hormonal and nervous systems respond to the need for food, govern the act of eating, regulate digestion, and call for the stress response. 4. The Immune System Maintain defenses against infection: Skin: physical barrier White blood cells Phagocytes（吞噬细胞 ） Lymphocytes（淋巴细胞 ）: B-cells: produce antibody T-cells: attack antigen The immune system enables the body to resist disease. 5. The Digestive System When your body needs food, your brain and hormones alert your conscious mind to the sensation of hung