(食品营养与安全)Chapter6Proteins and Amino Acids.ppt

Chapter 6 Proteins and Amino Acids Think about it What’s your estimate of the percentage of your energy intake that comes from protein? Which kinds of protein-rich foods are easiest to digest and use? Do athletes need more protein? The structure of proteins Proteins contain C, H, O, and Nitrogen (N) Proteins are sequences of amino acids. Proteins made up of about 20 different amino acids; Common structure of amino acids : Central C, with a H, amino group (NH2), and an acid group (COOH), and a side group ※Essential Amino Acids: Amino acid that either can’t be synthesized at all by the body or can’t be synthesized in amounts sufficient to meet physiological need. must be supplied in foods Including (9): P178 His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp and Val Nonessential Amino Acids: body can synthesize for itself food often deliver more than 1/2 of a.a. are nonessential Conditionally Essential Amino Acids: an a.a. normally nonessential but must be supplied in diet in special circumstances Cys—Met, Tyr--Phe How do amino acids build proteins Protein structure Chain of amino acids Link with peptide bonds Sequence of amino acids determines shape Shape of protein determines function Can eating extra protein make muscles grow larger? Answer: No How to do? Exercise Adequate protein from nutritious food to support muscle growth Digestion and absorption of protein Mouth crushed and moistened Stomach Proteins are denatured by hydrochloric acid Pepsin begins digestion Small intestine Pancreatic and intestinal proteases and peptidases complete digestion Absorption of Amino Acids Into intestinal cells Transported across cell membrane to surrounding fluid where enter capillaries on way to liver. Amino acid of the same type compete for the same absorption sites. Cautions against taking single AA as supplement. The fate of an amino acid Become part of a growing protein Make another needed compound Build a different amino acid Provide energy Converted to glucose or fat ※Func