主谓一致 英语语法.docVIP

主谓一致的三大原则和十项注意2008.5 运用英语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要想和主语保持一致，我们有三大原则可遵循。 一、语法形式一致原则：即主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词形式要用单数；主语为复数，谓语动词则要用复数。如： Jack wants to stay at home this weekend.杰克本周想呆在家里。 Tom and I were satisfied with the result of the exam.我和汤姆对考试的结果都感到满意。 注意一：中心词的位置（即真正主语的判定） 1、介词短词（with, except, besides, but, as well as, rather than, of, out of, including, in addition to等）作定语或状语时，中心词为前一项！！！如： The mother monkey together with her baby monkeys is playing in the sun.母猴子和小猴子一起在阳光下玩耍。 No one but Jim and Peter needs help.只有吉姆和彼得需要帮助。 （=Only Jim and Peter need help.） I as well as the students am pleased with what we have achieved.我及学生们对我们所取得的成绩感到高兴。（比较：The students and I are pleased with what we have achieved.） Only one out of the ten has failed the exam.仅仅十个中有一个考试没有及格。 2、数量词短语作定语，中心词为后一项，但表示总数量的the number of …前项the number为中心词。如： The number of the students present at the meetiing is 48.出席会议的学生数是48人。 A number of students in the school are hard working.这个学校有许多学生很勤奋。 3、成双成对出现的复数名词，如：glasses, scissors, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, stockings, socks, slippers等作主语时，谓语动词通常要用单数。但如果其前有a/the pair of; a/the suit of等词语时，谓语动词要与pair, suit等保持一致，用单数！试比较： Where are my stockings?我的袜子在哪里？ Is the pair of stocking under the bed yours?床下的那双袜子是你的吗？ 注意二：news, physics, the United States等似乎是复数，其实是单数或不可数名词；而people, the police, clothes, the Olympic Games等并无单数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如： The Olympic Games are held every four years.奥运会每四年举行一次。 People enjoy reading about the rich and famous.人们喜欢阅读有关富人和名人的书。 No news is good news.没有消息便是好消息。（谚语） 注意三：短语，从句，不定式，动名词，部分不定代词（each, everyone, someone, anybody, nobody, everything, something, anything, nothing, no one, any）或不可数名词作主语常作单数处理。如： Helping others is helping yourself.帮助别人就是帮助你自己。 Nobody was absent at the meeting,were they?会议没有人缺席，是吗？（用人称代词复数来表示人，用于反意疑问句中；但指物时多用it代替，应用单数） Does anyone want to go?有人想去吗？ 注意四：习惯上单数形式many a…, more than one…, each… and each…, every… and every…, no… and no… 等结构之后名词必须用单数，整个主语虽然有复数意义，但习惯上谓语动词用单数。如： Many a boy likes playing football.许多男孩喜欢踢足球。 More than one year