病理学课件——肺炎讲解材料.ppt

Southern Medical University;Flu symptom;呼吸系统的解剖组织学结构;呼吸系统组成：;;肺小叶：3~5个终末细支气管连同它的各级分支和肺泡组成，包括15~25个肺腺泡。;Microscopic structure of the alveolar wall. Note that the basement membrane (yellow) is thin on one side and widened where it is continuous with the interstitial space. Portions of interstitial cells are shown. ;肺脏是空气可以进出体内的唯一器官;二 肺组织学 ;粘膜层;bronchiole;pulmonary alveoli ;感染性疾病 阻塞性肺病 肺间质疾病 肿瘤;肺 炎pneumonia;分类： ;引起肺炎的病原体有哪些？;大叶性肺炎 lobar pneumonia;Diffuse fibrinous inflammation in alveoli Young to middle aged persons Clinical manifestations: Rapid; chill, high fever, chest pain, cough, rusty sputum, dyspnea; consolidation of lung; WBC↑ Natural course of disease: 5-10 days;浆 液 性 渗 出 物;Mostly lateral lung，inferior lobe of left or right lung Also more than two pulmonary lobes Four stages，5-10 days;(一)充血水肿期（1－2天） ★;(二)红色肝样变期（3－4天） ★;(2)红色肝样变期(3-4天) ;(三)灰色肝样变期(5-6天) ★;(3)灰色肝样变期(5-6天) ;(四)溶解消散期（一周左右） ★;Four stages (5-10 days);临床病理联系;Upper right lobe pneumonia;Outcome and complication;(1)肺肉质变 (pulmonary arnification);;(2)化脓性胸膜炎及脓胸 (3)肺脓肿 (4)败血症或脓毒败血症 (5)感染性休克 ;Lung Abscess;lung abscess with complete destruction of underlying parenchyma within the focus of involvement ;Abscess formation;小叶性肺炎 lobular pneumonia; Acute purulent inflammation Often localization to the bronchioles and surrounding, also called Bronchopneumonia infants, elderly Often complication of other diseases;Etiology : many kinds of bacteria mixed infection Pathogenesis: Defense of airway↓ Induced factors→body resistance↓→bacteria proliferation Bronchitis Lobular pneumonia ;Pathological changes ★;Confluent lobular pneumonia ; 镜下: ● 细支气管粘膜充血、水肿，上皮坏死、脱落，腔内大量脓性渗出 ● 周围肺泡壁血管扩张充血，肺泡???脓性渗 出，代偿肺气肿、肺不张 ;;;;White cell--;Clinical relations;Outcome and complication