单片机闭环温度控制系统设计.doc

单片机闭环温度控制系统设计 摘要 本文介绍了一种PID水温控制系统。该系统利用单片机可以方使地实现对PID参数的选择与设定；也可以通过计算机与单片机的串行通讯，实现工业过程中的交互式PID控制。它是用温度传感器将检测到的实际炉温A/D转换，送入计算机中，与设定值进行比较，得出偏差。对此偏差按PID算法进行修正，求得对应的控制量控制可控硅驱动器，调节电炉的加热功率，从而实现对炉温的控制。因此采集的炉温数据精度至关重要。利用89C51单片机实现温度智能控制，能自动完成数据采集、处理、缓冲、转换、并进行PID实施控制和键盘终端处理及显示，包括各参数数值的修正。但在控制过程中应该注意，采样周期不能太短，否则使调节过于频繁，不但执行机构不能反应，而且计算机的利用率大为降低。采样周期太长,也是不合适，因为干扰无法及时消除，使调节品质下降。随着单片机在各行业控制系统中的普遍采用，其构成的实时控制系统日臻完善，使该温度控制系统的总体性能大大提高，功能更趋完善，并详细介绍了该系统的软、硬件实施手段及系统特点。 关键词：单片机；PID算法；串行通讯；热电偶；温度控制 Abstract This text introduced a kind of PID water temperature control system. It can choose and modify the PID parameters by SCM expediently. Moreover, via communication between the Computer and SCM, It can visually control the industry process temperature with the extensive PID arithmetic. It is an actual cooker to spreads to feel with the temperature machine will examine temperature A/ D conversion, sending into the computer inside, proceeding the comparison with the initial value, having to out the deviation. Press PID calculate way to proceed the correction to this deviation, beg to should of the control measures the control can control the silicon drives the machine, regulating the heating power of the electric stove, thereby realize to the control of the cooker temperature . Therefore the cooker temperature data accuracy that collects is very importance. Make use of 89 C51s the single a machine realizes temperature intelligence control, can complete automatically the data collect, handles, buffer, convert, combining the proceeding PID puts into practice the control handles and show with the keyboard terminal, including the correction of each parameter number. But should notice in control process, adopt the kind period cant be too short, make regulate otherwise too multifarious, not only carry out the organization cant respond, but also the utilization of the computer is big for lower. Adopt the kind period too long ，also is not fit, because interference cant on time dissolve,