【精选】索马里海盗资料--英文版.pdfVIP

PIRACY IN SOMALIA UN-Nippon Foundation New York, 28th October 2011 DAHER DJAMA Abbas UNNF Fellow 2011-2012 CONTENTS 1. Context of Somalia 2. Piracy off the Coast of Somalia 3. Somali pirates 4. Cooperation and Legal framework 5. Prevention and Deterrence of Piracy 6. Root causes 7. Conclusion 1. The context of Somalia • Civil war since 1991 • the elected Transitional Federal Government (TFG) controls a small part of the capital and is constantly attacked by Islamist groups. • Puntland located in the north of Somalia is regarded as the epicenter of piracy • Somaliland seceded from Somalia in 1991, and advocates independence. The region is relatively stable 2. Piracy off the Coast of Somalia • Lack of institution and law enforcement unit • Geographic position • High level of organization • the continuing expansion of the area where they operate • The significant increase of ransoms paid • More aggressive tactics • More violent attacks Alleged reasons behind piracy • IUU fishing • Toxic waste dumping • Lack of interest from the international community 3. Somali Pirates Some figures • IMB reported that the first semester of 2011 was the worst ever. • 208 attacks reported so far for 168 in 2010. • In the area of the Gulf of Aden 249 crew members and 13 ships are detained in 2011 (October). • In 2010 the amount of ransoms that have been paid was 218 million USD 3. Somali Pirates Structures 1. Investors (Financial and sponsors) 2. Pirates 3. Support on the ground 4. Negotiators 5. Bankers Investors • In Somalia – Former chiefs