讲座7翻译的功与过刘明玉16M-应用外语教学中心.PPT

英语常用介词，汉语很少用，英语的介词常翻成汉语的动词。 John voted against Hillary. 约翰投票反对希拉里。 He is a man above vulgar interests. 他是一个脱离了低级趣味的人。 英语表示并列和从属关系的连接词，比汉语多，使用频率也高，如：who, whose, that, which, where, when, why, how, what; and, or, but, so, however, as well as, either…or…, as, since, until, so…that…, unless等等。 Don’t open the door until the train stops. 火车未停，请勿开门。 He spoke so well that everybody was convinced of his innocence. 他说得那么好听，谁都相信他是无辜的了。 聚集与流散 “英语句子有严谨的主谓结构。这个结构通常由名词性短语（NP）和动词性短语（VP）构成。主语不可或缺，谓语动词是句子的中心，两者协调一致（S-V concord），提纲挈领，聚集各种关系网络（connective-nexus）。因此，英语……句式呈聚集型（compactness）”。（连淑能 29） “汉语不受形态的约束，没有主谓形式协调一致的关系……汉语主谓结构具有很大的多样性、复杂性和灵活性，因而句式呈流散型（diffusiveness）”（连淑能 38）。 ? （以下例子节选自思果 57-60） But his easy, spirited good-humor, his genial manner, his handsome looks, his natural gift of adapting himself to whomsoever he pleased, and making direct, when he cared to do it, to the main point of interest in anybody’s heart, bound her to him wholly in five minutes. 他那随便活泼的性格 他那和蔼的态度 他那俊秀的面貌 他那应付所喜欢的任何人的天才 他高兴时投合各人心中主要趣味的天才 俘虏了她。 可是司棣福举止随便，精神足，脾气好，态度亲切，仪表出众，还有不问什么人他要讨那人欢心就能跟那人合得来，只要他高兴，一下就把话题引到任何人喜欢谈的主要一点上，天生有这种本领。为了这一切，五分钟之内裴格蒂就对他完全倾倒了。 《新标准大学英语》（综合教程4） (Unit 2 P. 20; para.7) These books and others like them have helped me to discover the real meaning of my life, and have made it possible for me to get out of the confusion and meaninglessness of an existence completely immersed in the needs and passivities fostered by a culture in which sales are everything. 这些书以及其他类似的书籍帮助我找到了人生的真谛。销售就是一切的文化 培育了各种需求和消极被动，沉浸其中的人们 生活中充满了困惑和空虚/无聊，而书籍则把我从这种困惑和空虚中解脱了出来。 汉语句式的多样化还表现在整、散句结合，如： 河面大小船只泊定后，莫不点了小小的油灯，拉了篷。各个船上皆在后舱烧了火，用铁鼎罐煮饭，饭焖熟后，又换锅子熬油，哗的把蔬菜倒进热锅里去。一切齐全了。各人蹲在舱板上三碗五碗把腹中填满后，天已夜了。（沈从文：《鸭巢围的夜》） After the boats large and small had moored, all lit tiny oil lamps and fixed up mat canopies. Rice was boiled in iron cauldrons over fires in the stern, and once this was cooked the vegetables were fried in another pan of sizzling oil. When the meal was ready, ever