Irony paradox innuendo反语 反论 暗讽.ppt

Irony(反语) Definitions Henry Watson Fowler, in The Kings English, says “any definition of irony—though hundreds might be given, and very few of them would be accepted—must include this, that the surface meaning and the underlying meaning of what is said are not the same. Also, Eric Partridge, in Usage and Abusage, writes that Irony consists in stating the contrary of what is meant. Circumstantial Irony (also call Irony of Fate ) 指由于事态的发展同某人原来的意料或期待相反而造成的一种嘲弄 For example: In O. Henrys story The Gift of the Magi, a young couple are too poor to buy each other Christmas gifts. The wife cuts off her treasured hair to sell it to a wig-maker for money to buy her husband a chain for his heirloom pocket watch. Shes shocked when she learns he had pawned his watch to buy her a set of combs for her long, beautiful, prized hair. Dramatic irony applies mainly to drama, and has to do with the plot and structure of a play. In this type of irony, the audience is aware of something which a character on the stage is still ignorant of.(同Circumstantial Irony密切相关，区别在于它往往指作者对Irony of Fate叙述中带总结性的画龙点睛之笔，突出戏剧性的转变 ) For example: In Romeo and Juliet, the other characters in the cast think Juliet is dead, but the audience knows she only took a sleeping potion. In City Lights the audience knows that Charlie Chaplins character is not a millionaire, but the blind flower girl (Virginia Cherrill) believes him to be rich. 反语线索主要表现为3个特点：1.形式与内容之间不协调，或辞面意义和辞里含义之间形成反差；2.口气与内容之间的反衬；3.词语的异常搭配或突降、相关等辞格的出现都可能是反语的标志。EX.(判断句子是否用了反语的修辞)Conscience is the inner voice which warns us that someone may be looking. (Yes)He announced to the press that he’d turn over his war profits to the government. But there’s no record that he ever did.(Yes)More haste, less speed.(Paradox)The child is father to the man. (Paradox) Paradox(反论) A paradox is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or