夺取COMMUNICATIONS特讯.doc

SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS【特讯】 APIC guideline for infection prevention and control in flexible endoscopy APIC关于软式内镜的感染预防与控制指南 Carla J. Alvarado Mark Relchelderfer The 1997,1998,1999 APIC指南委员会 Fig 5. Videoendoscopy involves collecting of an image by a videochip, which converts photons to electrons. By sequential strobe illumination of color, in one method of color video, a color image can be collected and reconstructed by the image processor. From Cotton PB, Williams CB: Practical gastrointestinal endoscopy. 4th ed. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1996. Used with permission. 图5.视频内镜包括视频芯片的图像收集，视频芯片可以将图像信号转变为电子信号。通过后续频闪管的彩色照明，以一种彩色视频的方法，一副彩色图像可以被收集并通过图像处理器重建。出处：Cotton PB, Williams CB:实用胃肠内窥镜. 第四版。波士顿：Blackwell科学出版社；1996年。得到使用允许。 Fig 6. The head of the videoendoscope contains controls for suction and air/water channels and switches for photodocumentation. An external suction pump is connected to the cord of the instrument near the light source, and suction is diverted into the instrument channel by pressing the suction button. The air is supplied from a pump in the light box and is controlled by another button. The air system incorporates a water bottle so that a jet of water can also be squirted across the distal lens to clean it. Tip movement depends on pull wires, attached at the tip just beneath its outer protective cap and passing back through the length of the instrument shaft to the angling controls in the control head. From Cotton PB, Williams CB; Practical gastrointestinal endoscopy. 4th ed. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1996. Used with permission. 图6.视频内镜的头部包括吸引和气/水管腔的控制和图像文件的切换。外部的吸引泵与靠近内镜光源的cord连接，通过按吸引按钮将吸引转入内镜管腔。空气由光盒中的泵供应，由另一个按钮控制。空气系统整合了一个水槽以便于喷出的水可以到达远端的镜片来清洗它。末端的运动依靠系在位于末端正下方的外部保护帽的牵拉线，它穿过内镜镜身到达控制头的角度控制。出处：Cotton PB, Williams CB:实用胃肠内窥镜. 第四版。波士顿：Blackwell科学出版社；1996年。得到使用允许。 As suggested by Bond et al,35 certain points should be taken into consideration by persons involved in the design and manufacture of endoscopes, and advances i