[工学]东北大学数据库复习.pptVIP

数据库复习 Exam 问答题 查询表达式 规范化 ER 事物 主要内容 数据库系统概述 ER模型 关系数据库 SQL 关系数据库规范化 文件和索引 事物 数据库系统概述 基本概念 Data the symbol to describe the object Data and semantics can not be divided Database Collection of interrelated data Structured，Can be shared DBMS a system software DBA 数据库系统概述 Database Systems versus File Systems One big problem in application development is the separation of applications from data Solution: introduce levels of abstraction. Three level of abstraction Two Data Independence 数据库系统概述 数据库系统概述 A collection of tools for describing Data Data relationships Data semantics Data constraints 数据库系统概述 Entity-Relationship data model Relational model ER模型 Database design Basic concept Entity Entity set Attribute Domain Simple and composite attributes. Single-valued and multi-valued attributes Derived attributes ER模型 Relation Relation set Degree of a Relationship Set Refers to number of entity sets that participate in a relationship set. Mapping Cardinality（映射基数） Express the number of entities to which another entity can be associated via a relationship set. One to one One to many Many to many ER model Participation Constraints Partial Participation Total Participation Key Super key Candidate key Primary key ER model Weak Entity Sets The existence of a weak entity set depends on the existence of a identifying entity set(标识实体集） The primary key of a weak entity set ISA relationship Disjoint，Overlapping Total，partial E-R Diagrams E-R Diagrams E-R model E-R Design Decisions Relational Model Relations: schema and instances Attributes: single-valued, domain Set of records: tuple , no duplicates, no order Keys： super key, candidate key, primary key, foreign key referenced relation referencing relation Relational Model Relation Integrity Entity Integrity Referential Integrity User-defined Integrity Relational Model Relational algebra (RA) Consists of a set of operators take one or two relations as inputs and produce a new relation as a result Six basic operators s