土木工程专业外语2011-11-16.pptVIP

Civil Engineering Professional-related English18-11-2011hpeng1976@163.com406955991 序言(preface) 目前我国土木、水利行业与国外的交流日趋广泛，并且每年参与了大量工程项目国际市场竞争。在国外，土木和水利没有严格界定，都属于土木工程（CIVIL ENGINEERING），但是国内因沿袭前苏联模式，将土木与水利两个行业彼此分离。 专业英语是大学英语教学的一个重要组成部分，是促进学生们完成英语学习过渡到实际应用的有效途径。教育部颁布的“大学英语教学大纲” 中明确规定专业英语为必修课，要求通过四年不断英语学习，培养学生以英语为工具交流信息的能力。 序言(preface) 英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态结构。 A) A direct current is a current which flows always in the direction. B)A direct current is a current flowing in the same direction. Example An Introduction of Civil Engineering Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition. civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. The word civil derives form the Latin for citizen．In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then，the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader. Scope. Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of project, the skills of ma