Buffer Solutions Buffers are solutions with the ability：缓冲溶液的缓冲能力与解决方案.ppt

* Buffer Solutions Buffers are solutions with the ability to resist the addition of strong acids or strong bases, within limits. They play an important role in chemical processes where it is essential that a fairly constant pH is maintained. For example, the pH of your blood lies at about 7.35. If this value drops below 7.0 (acidosis) the results are fatal. Also if it rises above 7.7 (alkalosis) the results are also fatal. Fortunately our blood contains a buffering system which maintains the acidity at the proper level. If it were not for the protection of the buffering system, we could not eat and adsorb many of the acidic fruit juices and foods in our diet. Buffers and the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation -many biological processes generate or use H+ - the pH of the medium would change dramatically if it were not controlled (leading to unwanted effects) --biological reactions occur in a buffered medium where pH changes slightly upon addition of acid or base -most biologically relevant experiments are run in buffers how do buffered solutions maintain pH under varying conditions? to calculate the pH of a solution when acid/base ratio of weak acid is varied: Henderson-Hasselbalch equation comes from: Ka = [H+] [A–] / [HA] take (– log) of each side and rearrange, yields: pH = pKa + log ( [A–] / [HA] ) some examples using HH equation: what is the pH of a buffer that contains the following? 1 M acetic acid and 0.5 M sodium acetate Blood buffer is made up from the dissolved carbon dioxide in the plasma. ?CO2(g) + H2O -------??? H2CO3? ------? HCO3- + H3O+ ? When a base is added it reacts with the carbonic acid. ?????????????????????? OH- + H2CO3 --------? HCO3- + H2O ? When an acid is added it reacts with the bicarbonate ion. ???????????????????? H3O+ + HCO3-??? ---------? H2CO3 + H2O There are 3 basic types of calculations that can be done with buffer systems and these will be covered next.? ? 1. The pH of a Buffered Solution Because HA is a wea