实用国际商务英语部分整理.docxVIP

实用国际商务英语部分整理国际贸易是什么？分类？①directions:Import trade 进口贸易Export trade 出口贸易Transit trade 过境贸易②contents1.Trade in goods (visible/tangible)货物贸易2.Trade in services (invisible/intangible)服务贸易Financial services金融服务Communication services 通信服务Construction and related services 建筑及相关工程服务Transport services 运输服务distribution services 分销服务Tourism and related services旅游及与旅行相关的服务Health and social services健康与社会服务Educational services教育服务Etc.3.Trade in technology/ technology trade技术贸易1）License trade 许可贸易2）Franchising 特许专营3）合作生产 cooperative production保护主义P7策略和手段 黑色字体①reasons for trade protectionisminfant industries 新兴产业Unfair competition 不公平竞争Balance of payments 国际收支平衡Cultural identity 文化认同The senile industry argument 非常衰老的行业②different means of protectiontariff barriers 关税壁垒Non-tariff barriers 非关税壁垒quota 配额（进口国限制出口国，进口的数量有一个数量的限制或者上限）Voluntary export restraints 自动出口限制（出口国被进口国自动出口限制）Import license 进口许可证Product standard 产品标准Government procurement policy 政府采购商务谈判的流程four stages : ①enquiry询价/询盘It is usually made by the buyer, inquiring the seller about the terms and conditions of a sale. Occasionally, it is made by the seller.Whoever makes an enquiry is not obliged for buying and selling.②offer and counter-offer,报价/报盘/发盘和还盘Offer is a declaration that he or she is willing to sell or buy a certain amount of specified goods at specified price under specified terms.Form:Verbal offer 口头报价 and written offer 书面报价firm offer 实盘: a definite intention to make a contract under a clear, complete and final trade termsnon-firm offer虚盘: without engagementRequirements for an offer:1. The offer should have a specified offeree.2. The offer must be definite.3. The offer must show the offeror’s intention to conclude a contract with the offeree4. The offer must reach the offeree.Withdrawal of an offer: 撤回An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer.Revocation of an offer: 撤销Offer can be revoked if the revocation reaches the offere