so.Social_Psychology-Introductory_Lecture_4样版.pptVIP

Social Psychology Historical and Scientific Underpinnings Definitions Aronson The influences that people have upon the beliefs or behavior of others Gordon Allport The thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals as shaped by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others In the beginning….. Norman Triplett (1897) – first social psychological experiment [18 years after the birth of psychology as a science] Interested in increased ability in the presence of others Led to the complex body of literature on social facilitation History framed in a human lifespan Gleam in the Eye and the Fetus (dawn of time to 1908). Simple and sovereign principles – a single theory could explain virtually all social behavior Jeremy Bentham: hedonism Thomas Hobbes: egoism (everyone is seeking power, conflict is inevitable) Ends in 1908 with publication of Ross McDougall’s Social Psychology text Lifespan, continued Child – Development of Theories (1908-1935) Major areas of research involve public opinion polling and test construction Thurstone (1928) and Likert (1932) develop their measurement scales Lifespan Adolescent (1936-1947) An overall framework for social psychology begins to develop. Inspired by the father of modern social psychology – Kurt Lewin Lewin proposed the “formula”: behavior is a function of the person in the environment Quote “Nothing is as practical as a good theory” Sherif describes norm formation in a classic experiment Lifespan Young Adult (1948-1968) Time of immense productivity Hovland and colleagues on persuasion Asch on conformity Festinger on cognitive dissonance Heider on attribution Milgram on obedience Darley and Latane on the Bystander Effect Lifespan Mid-Life Crisis (1968-late 80’s) “Nothing left to discover” “Field was drifting aimlessly” New Productivity (Currently) Social Cognition Self and Identity Health Psychology Key Idea – Power of the Situation Personality psychologists looks for consistencies in human behavior. Explain behavior thro