操作系统原理8章节(1489KB).ppt

User’s View of a Program Operating System Concepts Logical View of Segmentation Operating System Concepts 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 user space physical memory space Segmentation Architecture Logical address consists of a two tuple: segment-number, offset, Segment table – maps two-dimensional physical addresses; each table entry has: base – contains the starting physical address where the segments reside in memory. limit – specifies the length of the segment. Operating System Concepts Segmentation Hardware Operating System Concepts Segmentation Architecture (Cont.) Segment-table base register (STBR) points to the segment table’s location in memory. Segment-table length register (STLR) indicates number of segments used by a program; segment number s is legal if s STLR. Operating System Concepts Segmentation Architecture (Cont.) Protection. With each entry in segment table associate: validation bit = 0 ? illegal segment read/write/execute privileges Protection bits associated with segments; code sharing occurs at segment level. Since segments vary in length, memory allocation is a dynamic storage-allocation problem. A segmentation example is shown in the following diagram Operating System Concepts Example of Segmentation Operating System Concepts Example: The Intel Pentium Supports both segmentation and segmentation with paging CPU generates logical address Given to segmentation unit Which produces linear addresses Linear address given to paging unit Which generates physical address in main memory Paging units form equivalent of MMU Operating System Concepts Logical to Physical Address Translation in Pentium Operating System Concepts Intel Pentium Segmentation Operating System Concepts Pentium Paging Architecture Operating System Concepts Linear Address in Linux Operating System Concepts Broken into four parts: Three-level Paging in Linux Operating System Concepts Chapter 9: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segment