诸子百家1教学教材.pptVIP

----之九流十家 --钟烨 陈慧君-- Every Chinese know something about “诸子百家”, but how to call it in English?? The answer is: “Hundred Schools of Thought” I’m Han Feizi, belongs to the Legalist school of thought. ---Hundred Schools of Thought--- 诸子：以前为称呼指孔子、老子、庄子、荀子、孟子、墨子、鬼谷子等； 百家：是“百家姓”的简称。（百家”按照“百家姓”的“姓”以“子”为称呼为代表的思想家）。 “Hundred Schools of Thought” were philosophers and schools that flourished(蓬勃发展的) from the 6th century to 221 BC（Do you know what “BC” is? It’s “Before Christ”）, during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period of ancient China. 滚滚长江东逝水，浪花淘尽英雄。。。。春秋战国时期各种学派应运而生。 An era of great cultural and intellectual expansion in China, it was fraught with(充满) chaos and bloody battles, but it was also known as the Golden Age of Chinese philosophy because a broad range of thoughts and ideas were developed and discussed freely. This phenomenon has been called the Contention of a Hundred Schools of Thought (百家争鸣). 学派 人物 著作 儒家 孔子、孟子、荀子 《四书》、《五经》 法家 管仲、韩非子、商鞅 《商君书》、《韩非子》 墨家 墨子、孟胜、田襄子 《墨子》 道家 老子、庄子、列御寇 《老子》、《庄子》 名家 邓析、惠施、公孙龙 《公孙龙子》、《邓析子》 阴阳家 邹衍 《汉书?艺文志》 农家 许行、赵过、氾胜之 《氾胜之书》、《四民月令》 纵横家 鬼谷子、张仪 《鬼谷子》 小说家 青史子、虞初 《青史子》《搜神》 杂家 吕不韦 《吕氏春秋》、《淮南王》、《尸子》 诸子百家-主要学派 Major schools of thought You know who am I? Congratulations! I’m Confucius. Confucianism Confucius（named Kongzi, Master Kong, too） believed that the only effective system of government necessitated prescribed relationships for each individual: Let the ruler be a ruler and the subject a subject(君君臣臣父父子子). 君要行君道，臣要行臣道，父要行父道，子要行子道。通俗一点来讲：君主要有个君主的样子……以此类推。只有先履行了义务，然后才能享受权利，这样的社会才是公正、和谐的社会。 Furthermore, he contended that a king must be virtuous in order to rule state properly. His ideal human was the?junzi君子, which is translated as gentleman or superior person. 孟子 荀子 Mencius think man is born good. Diametrically opposed to Mencius, in regards to human nature (性), was the interpretation of Xunzi , another Confucian follower. Xunzi preached that man is not innately good; he asserted that goodness is attainable only thr