(胸部疾病的症状)方法技巧.pptVIP

SYMPTOMS of CHYEST DISORDERS（胸部疾病的症状） Cough (咳嗽) A protective reflex that uncommon in healthy personal cleanse secretion foreign material from the airway Initiated by miscellaneous stimuli or by voluntary exertion. The most common respiratory symptom. Cough reflex （咳嗽反射） Afferent inform.from: ENT, trachea, bifurcation of the bronchi. skin of the face neck; pleura Irritant type: mechanical, chemical, inflammation Afferent fibers (vague nerve) cough center. Cough reflex（咳嗽反射） Efferent signals larynx: glottis close or open Relating muscles ( diaphragm,chest wall, abdomen ) A coordinated series of action to perform the cough movement. Deep inspiration – expiration effort with glottis closed- glottis open abruptly – high volocity of airflow brings out screations from airways. Clinical appearance in common diseases （常见疾病中的临床表现） Acute infection or exasperation of chronic infectious illnesss Neoplasms：insidiously initiation Pleural disease Cardiovascular diseases General disease affecting the respiratory system Accompanied symptoms(伴随症状） Fever Chest pain Dyspnea wheezing Sputum production Complication（并发症） Cough syncope syndroma Fatigue Fractures due to severe persistent cough Pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema due to high intrathoracic pressure during cough. Chronic cough(3weeks): postualnasal drip syndroma(鼻后滴漏综合征） cough type asthma smoker Post URW infection GERD Sputum expecteration（咳痰） Denote airway secretions being coughed out . Characters: mucoid, tenasious, purulent, blood stained, with special odor, rusty, serous Volume: Accompanied manifestation Special conditions Laboratory examination Rutine Microbiologic test ( including culture drug sensitivity) Cellular Hemoptysis (咯血) Blood originate below the level of the larynx that being coughed out. Usually bright red Degrees: from blood-tinged sputum to massive gross blood,even leading to airway occlusion (apnea ) shock. Th