词的搭配 词的搭配关系主要指词语词之间的横组合关系,即什么词经常与什么词搭配使用。.pptVIP

词的搭配(Collocation) 定义 词的搭配关系主要指词语词之间的横组合关系，即什么词经常与什么词搭配使用。 以Firth为代表的语言学家从共现(co-occurrence)的角度，以Chosmky为代表的语言学家从选择限制(selection restriction)的角度分别来探讨了这个问题 一 共现 Co-occurrence 共现指的是个别词项经常共同一起使用。 Co-occurrence refers to the permitted syntagmatic combination of words. Firth uses a less technical expression for this term—“the mutual expectancy of words” (词的同现可能性）. 他认为，理解一个词要看它的结伴关系( You know a word by the company it keeps.)。 如ass 一词常与silly, obstinate, stupid, awful, egregious等词连用，用在句中表现为“ You silly ass. Don’t be such an ass.” 再如auspicious常与occasion, event, sign等词搭配使用。Letter与alphabet, graphic 或postman, pillar-box等词连用。 二 选择限制 selection restrictions 以Chosmky为代表的语言学家从选择限制的角度来研究搭配问题。认为词的搭配取决于两点：一是语法规则，一是词汇的语义特征。 Chosmky handles collocation within the framework of the grammar( to be more exact, “syntax”). Chosmky is concerned with a grammar that, given a set of appropriate rules, will generate all and only the grammatical sentences of a language. 从语法规则来看下面两句是错误的： He elapsed the man. He frightened that he was coming. 从词汇的语义特征来看，以下的两句是错误的： He elapsed a week ago. The man frightened the idea. * *