【精品】英语修辞学(Rhetoric).pptVIP

climax 1) 事情就是这样，他来进攻，我们把他消灭了，他就舒服了。消灭一点，舒服一点；消灭得多，舒服得多；彻底消灭，彻底舒服。（ 毛泽东：《关于重庆谈判》）This is the way things are：if they attack and we wipe them out，they will have that satisfaction；wipe out some，some satisfaction；wipe out more，more satisfaction；wipe out the whole lot，complete satisfaction. * 把事物按由小到大、由短到长、由低到高、由轻到重、由近到远、由易到难、由浅到深等次序说下去，这种修辞手法叫递升，英语里称作 climax。运用这一修辞手法，能够使要表达的思想逐步加深、感情逐步强化，因而能增强语言的说服力和感染力。 * 递降：Bathos ；Anti-climax 1) 确实的，现在我们队伍中确有许多同志被这种作风带坏了。 对于国内外、省内外、县内外、区内外的具体情况，不愿作系统的周密的调查和研究，仅仅根据一知半解，根据 “想当然”，就在那里发号施令。（ 毛泽东《改造我们的学习》）There are indeed many comrades in our ranks who have been led astray by this style of work. Unwilling to carry on systematic and thorough investigation and study of the specific conditions inside and outside the country，the province，country or district，they issue orders on no other basis than their scanty knowledge and “It must be so because it seems so to me”. * 2) How haughtily he cocks his nose， To tell what every schoolboy knows. （J. Swift） 他昂首挺胸，趾高气扬，傲慢无比， 讲开了每个小学生都知道的东西。 3) The explosion completely destroyed a church，two houses，and a flowerpot. 这起爆炸事故彻底毁坏了一个教堂、两所房屋和一个花盆。 * 把事物按由大到小、由长到短、由高到低、由重到轻、由远到近、由难到易、由深到浅等次序说下去，这种修辞手法叫递降，英语称作 bathos，或称 anti-climax。汉语里的递降一般是一种 “渐降”，即楼梯式的逐渐下降，而英语里的 bathos 却常常是一种 “突降”，即令读者措手不及的突然下降，能产生幽默的效果。 * 反语；Irony 1) 周蘩漪：你这一次到矿上去，也是学着你父亲的英雄榜样，把一个真正明白你，爱你的人丢开不管么? （曹禺：《雷雨》） FAN：And the reason why you are going away to the mine is that you’re following your father’s heroic example and throwing over the one person who really understands and loves you? 2) 根据报纸上官方介绍，他是天底下头等大好人，浑身上下毫无缺点，连肚脐眼都没有。（宗福先《于无声处》）According to the official write-ups in the papers，he’s the best man in the world. He doesn’t have a single defect in his whole body. Why，he doesn’t even have a belly-button! * 3) What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favoured country! —they let the paupers go to sleep! （Charles Dickens）以此说明他那行善的国家的仁慈法律是多么有意义的例证! ——他们竟允许穷人睡觉! 4) “The boy has broken another glass，”said the mother. “A fine thi