离散数学-南京大学计算机系.pdfVIP

绂 鏁 鏁 瀛 Discrete Mathematics 绗崄鍏锛氬惊鐜兢涓庣兢鍚屾瀯 鍗椾含澶у璁＄畻鏈虹瀛︿笌鎶€鏈郴 鍓 鎯 鎻 瑕 飦 瀛愮兢鐨勫畾涔 飦 瀛愮兢鐨勫垽瀹氬畾鐞 飦 鏈夐檺瀛愮兢鐨勫垽瀹氬畾鐞 飦 缇や腑鍏冪礌鐨勯樁 飦 闄泦涓庨泦鍚堢殑鍒掑垎 飦 Lagrange瀹氱悊 鍓嶆儏鎻愯 2 鏈涓昏鍐呭 飦 寰幆缇や笌鐢熸垚鍏 飦 寰幆缇ょ殑瀛愮兢 飦 缇ょ殑鍚屾瀯涓庡悓鎬 飦 鏃犻檺寰幆缇ょ殑鍚屾瀯缇 飦 鏈夐檺寰幆缇ょ殑鍚屾瀯缇 鏈涓昏鍐呭 3 寰幆缇や笌鐢熸垚鍏 飦 瀹氫箟锛堝惊鐜兢锛夛細 璁 戆?鈭 涓哄惊鐜兢 锛坈yclic group 锛夋寚锛 鈭凁€倐 鈭 肀 肀 = 饊倐 杩欓噷锛 饊倐 = 饊倐饊倧 饊倧 鈭 鈩 锛岉睅绉颁负戆轰箣鐢熸垚鍏 锛坓enerator锛 寰幆缇や笌鐢熸垚鍏 4 寰幆缇や笌鐢熸垚鍏冿紙缁級 飦 瀹氫箟锛堟湁闄愬惊鐜兢锛夛細鑻ュ惊鐜兢戆虹殑鐢熸垚鍏冺睅 鐨勯樁涓喉睕 锛屽垯绉绊昂涓烘湁闄愬惊鐜兢锛屽嵆肀涢樁寰幆 砜 砜 砜 饊倧鈭掜繌 0 缇わ細肀 = 饊倐 , 饊倐 , 饊倐 , 鈰 , 饊倐 锛屽叾涓睅 涓哄购 飦 瀹氫箟锛堟棤闄愬惊鐜兢锛夛細鑻ュ惊鐜兢戆虹殑鐢熸垚鍏冺睅 涓烘棤闄愰樁鍏冿紝鍒欑О戆轰负鏃犻檺寰幆缇わ細肀 = 砜 卤砜 卤砜 0 饊倐 , 饊倐 , 饊倐 , 鈰 锛屽叾涓睅 涓哄购 寰幆缇や笌鐢熸垚鍏 5 寰幆缇や笌鐢熸垚鍏冿紙缁級 飦 渚? 锛氭湁闄愬惊鐜兢 鈩 ,鈯 6 6 妯?鍓╀綑鍔犵兢 鈩 ,鈯 鏄惊鐜兢锛屾伆鏈?涓敓 6 6 鎴愬厓锛? 鍜? 50 = 0锛?1 = 5锛?2 = 4锛 53 = 3锛?4 = 2锛?5 = 1. 寰幆缇や笌鐢熸垚鍏 6 寰幆缇や笌鐢熸垚鍏冿紙缁級 飦 渚? 锛氭棤闄愬惊鐜兢 鈩? + 鈩? + 鏄惊鐜兢锛屾伆鏈?涓敓鎴愬厓锛?鍜屸垝 1 鈭 肀涗负鈩や箣鐢熸垚鍏冣嚁 鈩 = 肀 鈬 鈭冺睒 鈭 鈩 肀涰睒 = 1 鈬 鈭冺睒 鈭 鈩 肀 鈰 肀 = 1 鈬 肀 鈭 1, 鈭? 鈭 1鍜屸垝 1鍧囨槸鍏剁敓鎴愬厓 寰幆缇や笌鐢熸垚鍏 7 寰幆缇や笌鐢熸垚鍏冿紙缁級 飦 渚? 锛氶潪寰幆缇 Klein鍥涘厓缇ゐ€亯,鈭