小鼠脊髓横切试验对象.PPTVIP

[实验原理] 脊髓不仅是机体的低级反射中枢，也是躯干部感受器与效应器同脊髓以上各级中枢的联络通路。通过观察动物脊髓半横切后的表现，比较切面水平以下两侧肢体的运动机能和感觉机能的不同，以证明脊髓的传导机能。 三、小鼠脊髓横切 [实验对象] 小白鼠。 [实验器材与药品] 常规手术器械一套、蛙板一块、橡皮筋2根、200ml 烧杯一只、棉球、直缝针、尖头、钟表、镊子或扁头小骨剪一把、冷冻棉数支、乙醚。 三、小鼠脊髓横切 实验步骤 先观察正常小白鼠在实验桌上活动时的四肢动作情况。用针刺其后肢脚趾，观察反应情况。 麻醉 固定 暴露脊髓（约2mm） 横断脊髓（从中央向外侧） 观察 实验步骤 比较两侧后肢脚掌的皮肤颜色有何不同？ 观察小白鼠的前肢和两后肢的姿势并加以比较。 让鼠在桌上爬行，观察后肢有无瘫痪表现。 用冷冻棉签分别刺激两侧后肢，观察有无反应。 用针分别刺两侧后肢，观察反应。 实验步骤 注意事项 乙醚麻醉过程中，随时观察动物变化，以防止麻醉过深， 造成动物死亡。 剪开椎骨时注意不要损伤脊髓。 看清楚脊髓后再做横切。 横切时不要损伤脊髓背面正中的脊髓后动脉，以免失血过多。 实验结果 实验讨论 半横断：损伤平面以下同侧上运动神经元性瘫痪、 深感觉消失，对侧痛觉消失。 横切： 损伤平面以下双侧感觉运动均丧失。 实验结论 脊髓是躯体感觉运动通路的重要组成部分 1．为什么脊髓半横切部位选定在第1~3腰椎处？ 2．脊髓空洞症患者为何会出现痛、温觉和触觉障碍分 离？ 3．脊髓半离断时，两侧的深、浅感觉障碍有何不同？ [思考题] Thanks a lot !!! * Low resistance pathway for air flow; defends against microbes, toxic chemicals; warm and moisten the inhaled air./ gas exchange with the blood. * Cilia, mucus and macrophages * Most of the inner surface of the alveolar walls are lined by a continuous layer of flat epithelial cells termed type 1 alveolar cells. Interspersed between these cells are thicker, specialized cells termed type 2 alveolar cells that produce pulmonary surfactant. * About 0.2 um micrometer * The wall of the thorax is composed of the spinal column, the ribs, the sternum, and intercostal muscles that run between the ribs. The intrapleural fluid totally surrounds the lungs and lubricates the pleural surfaces so that they can slide over each other during breathing. Intrapleural pressure also termed as intrathoracic pressure cause the lungs and thoracic wall to move together during normal breathing. * The wall of the thorax is composed of the spinal column, the ribs, the sternum, and intercostal muscles that run between the ribs. The intrapleural fluid totally surrounds the lungs and lubricates the pleural surfaces so that they can slide over each other during breathing. Intrapleural pressure also termed as intrathoracic pr