大数据时代的生物信息学.docx

Bioinformatics in the Era of Big DataAbstract This paper reviews the origin and development of bioinformatics, summarizes the hot spots and challenges in bioinformatics under the background of big data, and puts forward the prospect of the future development of bioinformatics.Key words Bioinformatics; Big Data1 Introduction1.1 The Origin and Development of BioinformaticsBioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines Computer Science, Biology, Mathematics, and Engineering to analyze and interpret biological data. It unveils the biological mysteries posed by a myriad of complex biological data through the integrated use of biology, computer science and information technology. Bioinformatics is based on molecular biology. Mankind has long been studying the structure and function of biological macromolecules in biological cells. In 1866 Mendel proposed the hypothesis that genetic factors exist as biological components. Miescher isolated DNA from dead leukocytes in 1871, but before Avery and McCarty proved DNA in 1944 to be the genetic material of living organs, it was thought that chromosomal proteins carry the gene. In 1944, Chargaff discovered the famous Chargaff law, while Wilkins and Franklin determined the structure of DNA fibers using X-ray diffraction. 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick speculate in Nature about the three-dimensional structure of DNA (Double Helix). This model shows that DNA has its own complementary structure, according to the principle of base pairs, DNA stored in the genetic information can be accurately copied. Their theory laid the foundation for molecular biology. The DNA double-helix model has predicted the rules for DNA replication. Kornberg isolated DNA polymerase I from E. coli in 1956 and ligated the four dNTPs into DNA. DNA replication requires a DNA as a template. Meselson and Stahl (1958) exper