《心理学名词解释》.docVIP

A AB Design A single subject research design that contains one baseline (A) and one treatment (B). ABAB Design A single subject research design that contains a baseline (A1), treatment (B1), a second baseline (B2) and a second treatment phase (B2) Alpha (lowercase) The abbreviation for probability of error in statistical results. See Type I Error. (a) Alternative Hypothesis The hypothesis that states there is a difference between two or more sets of data. Absolute Zero Characteristic of a scale of measurement that contains a point where the scale has no value. Accommodation The creation of new cognitive schemas when objects, experiences, or other information does not fit with existing schemas. Action Potential The firing on a neuron. Occurs when the charge inside the neuron becomes more positive than the charge outside. Acetycholine A neurotransmitter associated with voluntary movement, sleep and wakefulness. Aggressive An interpersonal style where only the immediate needs of the self are considered rather than the needs of others. (As opposed to passive or assertive) Agoraphobia An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of leaving ones home. All or None Law Either a neuron completely fires or it does not fire at all. Alpha (lowercase) The abbreviation for probability of error in statistical results. See Type I Error. (a) Alternative Hypothesis The hypothesis that states there is a difference between two or more sets of data. Altruism Behavior that is unselfish and may even be detrimental but which benefits others. Amnesia Loss of memory. Usually only a partial loss such as for a period of time or biographical information. Amygdala A part of the brains limbic system that attaches emotional significance to information and mediates both defensive and aggressive behavior. Anal Expulsive Personality Stemming from the Anal stage, a child who becomes fixated due to over control transfers his or her unresolved anal (or control) issues into chara