功能主义翻译技术方法.ppt

The translator should be visible, making his/her decisions transparent to his/her client and accepting the responsibility of his/her choices. A visible translator has to accept the consequences of his/her translational decisions The role of a translator Translators are language professionals. They are applied linguists, competent writers, diplomats, and educated amateurs. Like linguists, translators have to be capable of discerning subtleties and nuances in their languages, researching terminology and colloquialisms, and handling new developments in their languages. Like writers, translators have to be accustomed to working long hours alone on a subject which interests few people and with a language that few people around them know. Like diplomats, translators have to be sensitive to the cultural and social differences which exist in their languages and be capable of addressing these issues when translating. Like educated amateurs, translators have to know the basics and some of the details about the subjects they deal with… 5.2 Translation processes NON-FUNCTIONALIST Source text oriented FUNCTIONALIST Target text oriented The functionalist Approaches to Translation It came into being in 1970s in Germany Often referred to as the ‘German School’ of functionalist translation theory 1. Distinguished contributors Katharina Reiss Hans J. Vermeer Christiane Nord Katharina Reiss(凯瑟林娜?赖斯) Reise. (In 1971). Possibilities and Limits of Translation Criticism: Categories and Criteria for a Fair Evaluations (book) Reise was firmly within equivalence principle. Yet she is aware that there do exist situations “where equivalence is not possible and in some cases, not even desired” and there are “certain exceptions from the equivalence requirement” P78 a model of translation criticism based on the functional relationship between source and target texts Hans J. Vermeer(汉斯?弗米尔) Vermeer(1978). Framework for a General Translation Theory ( a paper) Reiss Vermeer (19