名校经典课程Gatech流体力学第910章.pdfVIP

Exact Solutions EXACT SOLUTIONS OF THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS We now return to analyzing incompressible flows of Newtonian fluids from a local viewpoint, or using the differential forms of the basic principles. Unless otherwise stated, the fluid and flow are assumed to be isothermal, i.e., constant temperature. The incompressible Continuity and the Navier-Stokes Equations then give us a system of four coupled nonlinear partial differential equations for four dependent variables (unknowns), namely the three components of the velocity field V v and p , which are i functions of the four independent variables consisting of the three position coordinates x x and t. In Cartesian coordinates, these four equations are: i ∂ v 0 j j ρ∂[ v +v ∂ v ] =ρF −∂ p +μ∂∂ v 0 i j j i i i j j i Before actually solving the Navier-Stokes equations, however, we must first consider what types of boundary and initial conditions are required in such flows to uniquely specify the velocity and pressure fields. Boundary conditions are imposed upon the velocity and pressure at a given position; initial conditions are imposed upon the velocity and pressure at a given time. The Navier-Stokes equations involve second-order spatial derivatives in the viscous term. Viscous flows therefore require two boundary conditions. Inviscid flows are governed by the Euler eq