英语语言学Chapter14Languageandmachines.pptVIP

Language and Machines Jacques de Vaucanson’s fabulous duck A model, not a replication Our interest? Natural language processing by a PC Not an artificial language BASIC Speech Synthesis and Recognition Attempts to create speech electronically Resulting output is synthetic speech Speech recognition systems Navigators: allow PC to follow simple spoken commands Dictation systems: much larger recognition vocabularies and can create written text from speech at a faster rate Artificial Language The science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men (Minsky, 1968) Problem-solving, gameplaying, visual perception L production and understanding as major area of investigation Parsers Working from left to right along an incoming ENG sentence, creating an analysis of the syntactic structure and predicting what elements will come next Top-down parsing: decided what constituent was going to be there and then looked for words in the sentence to confirm the prediction Bottom-up parsing: begin with a word and work to create a whole noun phrase constituent Understander-systems ELIZA Does not ‘interpret’ the linguistic material it receives or produces. Does not understand SHRDLU (p156) PRAGMA (p158) * * *