英语语言学Chapter5TheSoundsoflanguage.pptVIP

The Sounds of Language Sure + Dead + Laugh = SEAPH (chef)? Sounds in English do not match up with letters of written English Phonetic alphabet: symbols to represent sounds How to represent consonant and vowel sounds of English words Human vocal tract involved in what way? Phonetics The general study of characteristics of speech sounds Articulatory phonetics: how speech sounds are made or articulated Acoustic phonetics: physical properties of speech sound waves “in the air” Auditory (perceptual phonetics: the perception via the ear of speech sounds Forensic phonetics: legal cases involving speaker identification and analysis of recorded utterances Articulation Lungs – trachea (windpipe) – larynx (vocal cords take two positions) – mouth/nose Voiceless: vocal cords spread apart, air passes between them unimpeded Voiced: vocal cords drawn together, air repeatedly push them apart as it passes through, creating a vibration effect Z V vs. S F sounds Place of Articulation nasal cavity 鼻腔 Palate 上腭 Velum 缘膜、软腭 Uvula 悬雍垂, 小舌 Alveolar 齿槽音 Pharynx 咽 Tongue舌头 Vocal cords声带 Larynx 喉 Place of Articulation Most consonant sounds are produced by using the tongue and other parts of the mouth to constrict, in some way the shape of the oral cavity through which the air is passing. Terms used to denote many sounds are those which denote the place of articulation of the sound: location inside the mouth, at which the constriction takes place Bilabials 双唇音 Sounds formed using both (bi-) upper and lower lips (-labia) [p] -- voiceless: pat [b] [m] -- voiced: bat, mat [w]: way, walk and world Labiodentals唇齿音 Formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip [f]: voiceless; eg. fat, safe, laugh, cough, photo [v]: voiced; eg. vat, save Dentals 齿音 Formed with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth (Inter-dental) [?] voiceless; thin, bath, three, teeth, bath [e] voiced; the, there, then, thus, feather bathe Alveolars 齿龈音 Formed with the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge