《Learning efficiently》学案2（新人教版选修10）.docVIP

Unit 4 Learning efficiently 语法知识归纳梳理—虚拟语气 中学生要掌握“虚拟语气在条件句中的使用”、“虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用”、“虚拟语气在表达‘愿望、主张’等从句中的使用”和“虚拟语气在特殊结构中的使用”等。这些是进一步学习英语的重要基础。现分述如下： 1.虚拟条件是指讲话人认为无法实现、不可能存在的条件。在考题中，出题人会将虚拟条件转成其他的“事实”陈述，而不以if-clause的形式出现。 １）与现在事实不符的虚拟条件句 If Professor Zhang were here, he could/would/might/should help us.张教授现在如果在这里，他就能／就会／也许／应该帮助我们。（四个情态动词各表达讲话人不同的讲话态度，要注意选择使用。） ２）与过去事实不符的虚拟条件句 If you had gone to the meeting yesterday, you should have known what was discussed there.昨天，你如果参加了会议，就应该知道会议上讨论了什么。 Had Tom met me before, I might have told him about it.汤姆要是早点儿遇到了我，我也许把这件事告诉过他了。（省略if就要将谓语部分的第一个动词调到句首） 真题： 1. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002上海) A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall. 解析：这是混合时态、混合语气的主从复合句。主句is hard是陈述语气；宾语从句里的主句谓语would be doing是“与现在事实不符”的虚拟语气；if引导的条件句谓语应该要是与过去事实不符的虚拟语气，因为at the age of seven是明确的时间状语。故选B。 2. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now. (2002上海) A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat 解析：时间状语just now和过去时态连用，因此这是与过去事实不符的虚拟语气。故选C。 3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal. (2001上海) A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 解析：从逻辑的角度看，转折副词otherwise后面总是要接虚拟语气。该句中hesitated是过去时态，故选D。 4. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (2004广西) A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 解析：8:30就应到达，但是现在还没有出现。Should含有轻微的指责意。故选A。 5. –I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. 23. (2004福建) –You _____ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 解析：原因同上。故选D。 6. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. (2001全国) A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left