《IBT托福真题》共13部分，第05部分.docVIP

《IBT托福真题》 共13部分，此为第005部分 Paragraph 5: Modern architectural forms generally have three separate components comparable to elements of the human body; a supporting skeleton or frame, an outer skin enclosing the interior spaces, equipment, similar to the body’s vital organs and systems. The equipment includes plumbing, electrical wiring, hot water, and air-conditioning. Of course in early architecture—such as igloos and adobe structures—there was no such equipment, and the skeleton and skin were often one. 8. Which of the following correctly characterizes the relationship between the human body and architecture that is described in paragraph5? ○Complex equipment inside buildings is the one element in modern architecture that resembles a component of the human body. ○The components in early buildings were similar to three particular elements of the human body. ○Modern buildings have components that are as likely to change as the human body is. ○In general, modern buildings more closely resemble the human body than earlier buildings do. Paragraph 6: Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and piling stone upon. Some of the world’s finest stone architecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the eastern Andes Mountains of Peru. The doorways and windows are made possible by placing over the open spaces thick stone beams that support the weight from above. A structural invention had to be made before the physical limitations of stone could be overcome and new architectural forms could be created. That invention was the arch, a curved structure originally made of separate stone or brick segments. The arch was used by the early cultures of the Mediterranean area chiefly for underground drains, but it was the Romans who first developed and used the arch extensively in aboveground structures. Roma