国外正规奶牛助产技术展示ppt.ppt

Maternity Areas 产房 Sterile environment for the calf 对环境消毒 Good footing for the cow 奶牛易于站立 Ability to restrain cows for routine treatment 能对奶牛进行保定，进行日常处理 Locate near normal traffic areas for ease of observation 靠近正常的通道，易于观察 Dedicated to maternity cows only 仅供分娩牛使用 Clean and easy to keep clean 干净，也易于保持干净 Good lighting 光线好 Well ventilated 通风好 Signs of Calving 分娩的征兆 Shape of cow changes牛形状变化 Barrel shape (last 3 weeks)桶形 Pear shape (1 wk) prior to freshening 分娩前一周变梨形 “Calf disappears” (day of calving) 分娩当天“犊牛消失了” Vulva swells 阴门肿大 Mucus discharge consistency changes 黏液的性质发生变化 Sticky to clear and free flowing 由粘到清亮变化，可自由流动 Signs of Calving 分娩的征兆 Udder 乳房 Fills with colostrum 充满初乳 Teats fill last 乳头最后也充满 Udder edema front to back由前到后乳房水肿 Pelvic relaxation 骨盆松弛 Hormone “Relaxin” causes ligaments around the tailhead to loosen 松弛素引起尾根部周围的韧带松弛 Pins loosen 荐部松弛 Tail becomes more flexible 尾巴更灵活 Stage 1 Labor 分娩阶段1 Cow behavior changes 母牛行为改变 Increased restlessness 不安 Circling behavior 转圈 Mucus discharge 分泌黏液 Increased defecation and urination 排便排尿增多 Relaxation of pelvic ligaments 骨盆韧带松弛 Cervical dilation 子宫颈扩张 Stage 1 Labor 分娩阶段1 Fluid-filled placenta and membranes pushed through cervix into vagina 充满液体的胎盘和胎膜通过子宫颈进入阴道 Stage 1 Labor lasts 2 to16 hours and varies with breed and parity 阶段1持续2-16小时，随品种和胎次变化 Stage 2 Labor 分娩阶段2 Stage 2 Labor 分娩阶段2 Calf rotates into normal presentation 胎儿转动至正常位置 Fetus enters the cervix 胎儿进入子宫颈口 Stretching of birth canal 扩张产道 Oxytocin release stimulated by pressure receptors in cervix (cervical stretching) 子宫颈的压力受体刺激释放催产素（子宫颈扩张） Receptors increase greatly during calving 分娩期间受体数大幅增长 Disappear within hours after calving 分娩后数小时消失 Stage 2 Labor 分娩阶段2 Oxytocin causes uterine contractions and abdominal straining that help complete cervical dilation 催产素导致子宫收缩和腹部变化，最终帮助完成子宫颈扩张 Speed of calving depends on the rate of cervical dilation 分娩的速度取决于子宫颈扩张的速度 Abdominal contractions occur in combination with uterine contractions to propel fetus through the birth cana