Gene复制.ppt

Chapter 13 DNA replication 13.1 Introduction (引言）13.2 DNA polymerases (DNA聚合酶)are the enzymes that make DNA13.3 DNA synthesis is semidiscontinuous (DNA的复制是半保留复制) 13.4 Coordinating synthesis of the lagging and leading strands (前导链与后滞链之间的协同复制)  13.5 The replication apparatus of phage T4 (T4噬菌体的复制机构) 13.6 Creating the replication forks at an origin (起始位点复制叉的形成) 13.7 Common events in priming replication at the origin(复制起始引物合成的通常事件)13.8 Does methylation at the origin regulate initiation?复制原点的甲基化可以调控复制起始吗?)13.9 Licensing factor controls eukaryotic rereplication (特许因子控制着真核生物的复制) Replisome(复制体) is the multiprotein structure that assembles at the bacterial replicating fork to undertake synthesis of DNA. Contains DNA polymerase and other enzymes.复制体 在DNA复制叉上组装，并承担DNA合成功能的一种多聚蛋白质。包括DNA合成酶和其它一些酶类。 DNA polymerases(DNA聚合酶) are enzymes that synthesize a daughter strand(s) of DNA (under direction from a DNA template). May be involved in repair or replication.一个能够在模版链上合成新的DNA链的酶叫做DNA聚合酶。 DNA replicase (DNA复制酶) is a DNA-synthesizing enzyme required specifically for replication.只有它们中的一部分是真正参与了复制的；有的时候这些酶叫做DNA复制酶。  Repair (修复)of damaged DNA can take place by repair synthesis, when a strand that has been damaged is excised and replaced by the synthesis of a new stretch. It can also take place by recombination reactions, when the duplex region containing the damaged is replaced by an undamaged region from another copy of the genome.损害的DNA可以被修复合成.当一条链被损害后,它会被切除掉然后被一段新合成的链所代替.它也可以由重组反应所代替,损害的双链被另一个等位基因未损害区所代替. 。 Replication (复制)of duplex DNA takes place by synthesis of two new strands that are complementary to the parental strands. The parental duplex is replaced by two identical daughter duplexes, each of which has one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand. It is called semiconservative because the conserved units are the single strands of the parental duplex. 双链DNA由两条新合成与母良互补的DNA所代替.母双体复制形成两个子双体，每个子双体又含一条母链和一条子链。那么可见母双体中的一条母链就完全的转入了子双体中，这种现象称之为半保留复制 Figu