Convection in the General Property Balance - Chemical …对流在一般财产平衡化学….pptVIP

Convection in the General Property Balance Development of the full equations of motion Control volume analysis: Input + Generation = Output + Accumulation Based on application of the balance: For a conserved property y and corresponding flux Y Consider a control volume in Cartesian coordinates: dV = dx dy dz Property transport entering or leaving each face of the form, ? A where A is an area element Input + Generation = Output + Accumulation Generation: Accumulation: Input: Output: Rearrange the balance: Accumulation = Output – Input + Generation Focus on terms for [Output – Input] Next … In the x-direction we can write: [Output – Input] = [Output – Input] summary: x - direction: y – direction: z – direction: Accumulation = [Output – Input] + Generation Cancel out the dV terms: Recall that the flux, Y, is a vector: Short-hand notation … the divergence relation: A final form for our property balance: To solve this equation, we need to know Y in terms of y In engineering practice, we do this by splitting the flux up into two components: Yconv is a convective component, and Ydiff is a diffusive component - where U is the local convective velocity We need the divergence (derivative) of Y The general property balance, with becomes Accumulation Convection 1 Generation Diffusion Convection 2 Some examples: Heat transfer, ? = ? Cp T and we obtain Mass transfer, ? = ?A or CA (mass or moles respectively) and we obtain Momentum transfer, ? = ?U and we obtain Components for each coordinate direction An important special case for the general balance: Assume generation and diffusion are zero: With constant ?, ??/?t = 0 and, If conserved property is total mass per unit volume, ?, Hence the property balance for this case becomes, And in this case (constant ?), our original property balance becomes: Divergence of the velocity field is zero Cases with constant ? lead to The dot product, ???, operating on a scalar is given the