Atomic Spectroscopy - Piedmont Community College原子光谱-皮埃蒙特社区学院.ppt

Atomic Spectroscopy Chapter 9 Review and Comparisons Atomic spectroscopy Absorption and emission of UV-VIS light Atoms and monoatomic ions Conceptually similar to absorption and emission of UV-VIS light by molecules Review and Comparisons Atomic spectroscopy Differences from UV-VIS Limited to the elements METALS Most analysis is for metals! Sample preparation Place metals in water solution Metals present as ions in water Must have a means for converting metal ions into free gas phase ground state atoms to be measured Called atomization Uses large amount of thermal energy Review and Comparisons ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY Differences from UV-VIS SAMPLE CONTAINER SOURCE OF THE THERMAL ENERGY NEEDED FOR THE CONVERSION OF IONS IN SOLUTION TO ATOMS IN THE GAS PHASE Atomizer Does NOT resemble a cuvette Has a flame container Review and Comparisons ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY Differences from UV-VIS Various types of atomizer and instrument designs Based on the same theory Spectral line sources used as light sources Instead of continuums sources in UV-VIS Several require NO light source at all! Limited types of analytes .: Quantitation is well known Using elements that are well characterized Look up spectra in most reference text Summary of Techniques and Instrument Designs Most important aspect = thermal energy Flame atomic absorption (flame AA) Graphite furnace atomic absorption (graphite furnace AA) Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission (ICP) Less important Flame emission and atomic fluorescence Two that do not require thermal energy/minimal thermal energy Cold vapor mercury system Metal hydride generation One that requires electrical energy Arc and spark emission Summary of Techniques and Instrument Designs Flame AA Large flame as the atomizer Sample-solution-drawn into the flame by a vacuum mechanism Atomization occurs immediately Light beam for the absorption measurements directed through width of the flame Summary of Techniques and Instrument Designs Graphite furnace Actually a