大学实用翻译课件（英汉双向）第十四章WTO英文文本的翻译.ppt

第十四章 WTO英文文本的翻译 第一节 WTO概述 一、概述 The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization designed to supervise and liberalize international trade. The WTO came into being on 1 January 1995. The WTO has 153 members, which represents more than 95% of total world trade. The WTO is governed by a Ministerial Conference, which meets every two years; a General Council, which implements the conference’s policy decisions and is responsible for day-to-day administration； and a director-general, who is appointed by the Ministerial Conference. The WTO’s headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. Its main mission is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. Its main two functions (1) It oversees the implementation, administration and operation of the covered agreements. (2) It provides a forum for negotiations and for settling disputes. Its five principles: Non-Discrimination Reciprocity Binding and enforceable commitments Transparency Safety valves 二、相关术语的翻译 关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 世界贸易组织 WTO (World Trade Organization) 乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round 最惠国待遇（现通常称正常贸易关系）MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment 争端解决机构 dispute settlement body 《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》 DSU (Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes) 反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against… 非配额产品 quota-free products 非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects 风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment 国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to 第二节 WTO英文文本的语言特色 从 1948 年的 GATT 到今天 WTO， WTO 已经制定和通过了大量的法律文件和各种协定， 以此来规范WTO 成员国之间的经贸活动。WTO 这些法律和协定用三种语言拟定， 即英语、法语和西班牙语， 三种文本具有同等效力， 尤以英文文本的使用最为广泛。WTO 英文法律文本具有一定的语言特色， 了解这些语言特色有助于我们更好的理解 WTO 英文法律文本。 一、法律文体、措词严密 1、庄严词语的使用 WTO法律文件以准确严谨为主要特点，其文体属于庄严文体(The frozen style)，其用词、句法结构、文体、行文方式等有其自身的特点和要求。由于WTO协定直接规定成员的权力和义务，其用词自然不同于文学语言丰富多样性和新闻词汇时尚创新性，其追求的是词汇的严谨统一，并体现法律文件的庄严冷峻和不带感情色彩的语气。 普通词汇 法律词语