Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)异步传输模式（ATM）.ppt

(C) All rights reserved by Professor Wen-Tsuen Chen Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) An Overview of ATM ATM is Asynchronous Transfer Mode. ATM is originally the transfer mode for implementing Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). In 1988, CCITT (from ITU) issued the first two recommendations relating to B-ISDN: I.113 Vocabulary of Terms for Broadband Aspects of ISDN I.121 Broadband Aspects of ISDN In 1911, the ATM Forum was created with the goal of accelerating the development of ATM standards. An Overview of ATM Connection-oriented packet-switched network Used in both WAN and LAN settings Signaling (connection setup) Protocol: Q.2931 Packets are called cells (53 bytes) 5-byte header + 48-byte payload Commonly transmitted over SONET other physical layers possible Connections can be switched (SVC), or permanent (PVC). Variable vs. Fixed-Length Packets No Optimal Length if small: high header-to-data overhead if large: low utilization for small messages Fixed-Length Easier to Switch in Hardware simpler enables parallelism Big vs. Small Packets Small Improves Queue behavior finer-grained pre-emption point for scheduling link maximum packet = 4KB link speed = 100Mbps transmission time = 4096 x 8/100 = 327.68us high priority packet may sit in the queue 327.68us in contrast, 53 x 8/100 = 4.24us for ATM near cut-through behavior two 4KB packets arrive at same time link idle for 327.68us while both arrive at end of 327.68us, still have 8KB to transmit in contrast, can transmit first cell after 4.24us at end of 327.68us, just over 4KB left in queue Big vs Small (cont) Small Improves Latency (for voice) voice digitally encoded at 64KBps (8-bit samples at 8KHz) need full cell’s worth of samples before sending cell example: 1000-byte cells implies 125ms per cell (too long) smaller latency implies no need for echo cancellors ATM Compromise: 48 bytes = (32+64)/2 An Overview of ATM ATM operates on a best effort basis. ATM guarantees that cells will not be disordered. Two types of conn