Data Mining Introduction - Kent State University …数据挖掘导论-肯特州立大学….pptVIP

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Data Mining Introduction - Kent State University …数据挖掘导论-肯特州立大学….ppt

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Data Mining Introduction - Kent State University …数据挖掘导论-肯特州立大学….ppt

Anomaly Detection Anomaly/Outlier Detection What are anomalies/outliers? The set of data points that are considerably different than the remainder of the data Variants of Anomaly/Outlier Detection Problems Given a database D, find all the data points x ? D with anomaly scores greater than some threshold t Given a database D, find all the data points x ? D having the top-n largest anomaly scores f(x) Given a database D, containing mostly normal (but unlabeled) data points, and a test point x, compute the anomaly score of x with respect to D Applications: Credit card fraud detection, telecommunication fraud detection, network intrusion detection, fault detection Anomaly Detection Challenges How many outliers are there in the data? Method is unsupervised Validation can be quite challenging (just like for clustering) Finding needle in a haystack Working assumption: There are considerably more “normal” observations than “abnormal” observations (outliers/anomalies) in the data Anomaly Detection Schemes General Steps Build a profile of the “normal” behavior Profile can be patterns or summary statistics for the overall population Use the “normal” profile to detect anomalies Anomalies are observations whose characteristicsdiffer significantly from the normal profile Types of anomaly detection schemes Graphical Statistical-based Distance-based Model-based Graphical Approaches Boxplot (1-D), Scatter plot (2-D), Spin plot (3-D) Limitations Time consuming Subjective Convex Hull Method Extreme points are assumed to be outliers Use convex hull method to detect extreme values What if the outlier occurs in the middle of the data? Statistical Approaches Assume a parametric model describing the distribution of the data (e.g., normal distribution) Apply a statistical test that depends on Data distribution Parameter of distribution (e.g., mean, variance) Number of expected outliers (confidence limit) Grubbs’ Test Detect outliers in univariate data Assume data comes fr