VACUUM FILTRATION - ITB Institut Teknologi Bandung真空过滤ITB万隆工艺学院.ppt

VACUUM FILTRATION In another class of mechanical separations, placing a screen in the flow through which they cannot pass imposes virtually total restraint on the particles above a given size. The fluid in this case is subject to a force that moves it past the retained particles ? called filtration. The particles suspended in the fluid, which will not pass through the apertures, are retained and build up into what is called a filter cake. Sometimes it is the fluid, the filtrate, that is the product, in other cases the filter cake. The fluid passes through the filter medium, which offers resistance to its passage, under the influence of a force which is the pressure differential across the filter. Thus, we can write the familiar equation: rate of filtration = driving force/resistance Resistance arises from the filter cloth, mesh, or bed, and to this is added the resistance of the filter cake as it accumulates. The filter-cake resistance is obtained by multiplying the specific resistance of the filter cake, that is its resistance per unit thickness, by the thickness of the cake. The resistances of the filter material and pre-coat are combined into a single resistance called the filter resistance. It is convenient to express the filter resistance in terms of a fictitious thickness of filter cake. This thickness is multiplied by the specific resistance of the filter cake to give the filter resistance. Thus the overall equation giving the volumetric rate of flow dV/dt is: ????????????? dV/dt = (A?P)/R A is the filter area, and ?P is the pressure drop across the filter. As the total resistance is proportional to the viscosity of the fluid, we can write: R = μr(Lc + L) where R is the resistance to flow through the filter, m is the viscosity of the fluid, r is the specific resistance of the filter cake, Lc is the thickness of the filter cake L is the fictitious equivalent thickness of the filter cloth and pre-coat, If the rate of flow