Modeling Natural Fine Particle Concentrations Using the CMAQ 利用CMAQ天然细颗粒浓度模型.pptVIP

Stephen Mueller Jonathan Mallard Tennessee Valley Authority Identify natural emissions not routinely considered by US regulatory modeling. Develop expanded natural emissions data base. Identify model changes needed to accommodate expanded list of natural emissions. Quantify effects of revised emissions/model versus results from “standard” modeling approach. US EPA lowered the 24-hr PM2.5 standard is considering a lower annual standard. US Regional Haze Rule explicitly requires consideration of “natural haze” components. Efforts to establish secondary standards (e.g., SOx/NOx) should consider natural pollutants. *Not typically included in data inventories although the system is designed to include it. Limit of optimal lightning detection Dimethylsulfide (DMS): oceans, lakes, coastal wetlands. H2S: oceans, lakes, coastal wetlands, geothermal features (hot springs, fumaroles, etc.) Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) HCl: oceans – these emissions are surrogates for complex interaction between air pollutants sea salt. “Orange”=anthropogenic “Green”=natural *Version 4.6 Organic Carbon Sulfate CMAQ natural particle simulations useful tool for investigating contributions of natural systems to PM2.5/haze, ozone and deposition. EPA natural haze guidance is too simplistic. Modeling DMS H2S introduces competition for OH that reduces sulfate formation in natural systems…effects in combined emissions simulations? * *