ELECTROCHEMISTRY Chapter 21 - Hofstra People：电化学21章-霍夫斯特拉的人.ppt

ELECTROCHEMISTRYChapter 21 TRANSFER REACTIONS Atom transfer HOAc + H2O OAc- + H3O+ Electron transfer Cu(s) + 2 Ag+(aq) Cu2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s) Electron Transfer Reactions Electron transfer reactions are oxidation-reduction or redox reactions. Redox reactions can result in the generation of an electric current or be caused by imposing an electric current. Therefore, this field of chemistry is often called ELECTROCHEMISTRY. Review of Terminology for Redox Reactions OXIDATION—loss of electron(s) by a species; increase in oxidation number. REDUCTION—gain of electron(s); decrease in oxidation number. OXIDIZING AGENT—electron acceptor; species is reduced. REDUCING AGENT—electron donor; species is oxidized. OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS Direct Redox Reaction Oxidizing and reducing agents in direct contact. Cu(s) + 2 Ag+(aq) Cu2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s) OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS Indirect Redox Reaction A battery functions by transferring electrons through an external wire from the reducing agent to the oxidizing agent. Why Study Electrochemistry? Batteries Why Study Electrochemistry? Batteries Corrosion Why Study Electrochemistry? Batteries Corrosion Industrial production of chemicals such as Cl2, NaOH, F2 and Al Why Study Electrochemistry? Batteries Corrosion Industrial production of chemicals such as Cl2, NaOH, F2 and Al Biological redox reactions Electrochemical Cells An apparatus that allows a redox reaction to occur by transferring electrons through an external connector. Product favored reaction voltaic or galvanic cell electric current Reactant favored reaction electrolytic cell electric current used to cause chemical change. CHEMICAL CHANGE --ELECTRIC CURRENT Zn is oxidized and is the reducing agent Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e- Cu2+ is reduced and is the oxidizing agentCu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) CHEMICAL CHANGE --ELECTRIC CURRENT Oxidation: Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e- Reduction: Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) CHEM