All About Buffers - Zagazig University：所有关于缓冲区-扎加齐克大学.pptVIP

All About Buffers Solutions of Acids or Bases Containing a Common Ion For Clinical Pharmacy Zagazig University Faculty of Pharmacy Code 204 29-2-2009 Prof. Dr Hisham E Abdellatef Buffer solutions Resist changes in pH caused by addition of small amounts of acid or base; or upon dilution. Types of buffers Acidic buffer Basic buffer Weak acid weak base Conjugated salt Conjugated salt HAC ? H + + AC- NH4OH ? NH4+ +OH- NaAC ?Na + AC- NH4Cl ? NH4+ + Cl- The Henderson equation A) Henderson equation for acidic buffer: pka = pH – log pH = pKa + log pH = pKa + log Example 1: Calculate the pH of a solution containing 0.10 N acetic acid and 0.10 N sodium acetate? And comapre with the pH of a solution which contains 0.10 N acetic acid only (Ka= 4.76) explain the result Answer 4.76 and 2.88 Example 2 Calculate the pH of the solution produced by adding 10.0 ml of N HCl to 1 liter of solution which is 0.1 N in acetic acid and 0.1 N in sodium acetate (Ka= 1.82 x 10-5) Answer= 4.65, The Henderson equation B) Henderson equation for basic buffer: pH = pKw – pKb – log pH = pKw – pKb – log Example4 Calculate the pH of a solution containing 0.07 N ammonia, and 0.28 N ammonium chloride? If the pH of this solution is compared with the pH of a solution which contains 0.07 N ammonia only Answer 8.64, 11.04 Properties of buffer mixtures 1. Effect of temperature Acidic buffer no effect Basic buffer pH change more markedly with temperature; owing to Kw which appears in the quation of these buffers 2. Effect of dilution no effect Buffer Capacity the number gram equivalent of strong acid or strong base required to change the pH of one liter of buffer solution by one unit. pH………..6 7 8……………. Base ?