About ion channels：离子通道.pptVIP

* BI 2004 Essential Animal Cell Biology Cell membranes 4 Ion channels Dr Gordon McEwan Department of Biomedical Sciences Ion channels Channel proteins form transmembrane aqueous pores which allow passive movement of small water-soluble molecules into or out of the cell or organelle Most channel proteins in plasma membrane form narrow pores which are only permeable to inorganic ions - ion channels Ion channels are highly selective for specific ions (eg Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-) Ion selectivity depends on: diameter - narrow channels can’t pass large ions shape - only single ions of correct species can access charge - distribution of charged amino acids in pore Passage of ions through narrowest portion of channel rate limiting ? saturable transport Ion channel gating Ion channels not continuously open Can switch between open and closed state by changing conformation Conformation change regulated by conditions inside and outside cell acetylcholine binding site lipid bilayer gate acetylcholine cytosol Na+ overall structure closed open Adapted from ECB Fig 12-18 Ion channel recording Ion movements across membrane can be detected by electrical measurements Technical advances now permit measurement of electrical current through single channel molecule - patch clamp recording glass microelectrode conducting fluid tight seal ion channel cell membrane cell-attached detached patch metal wire glass microelectrode constant voltage source trace of ion channel currents metal electrode Adapted from ECB Fig 12-20 Ion channel recording (contd) Patch clamp technique permits recording from ion channels in large variety of cell types By changing ionic composition of bathing solution - can establish which ions go through channels Can “clamp” membrane potential at different voltages and establish effects on channel activity If patch is sufficiently small, only one channel molecule present; Can measure ion flow through single channel - 10-12 amps = picoamp (pA) Current randomly switches betw