CONTROL STRUCTURES SELECTION AND REPETITION控制结构的选择和重复.pptVIP

CONTROL STRUCTURES:SEQUENTIAL, SELECTIVE,AND REPETITIVE SEQUENTIAL SELECTIVE REPETITIVE EXAMPLE: NEW CONCEPTS LOGICAL EXPRESSIONS LOGICAL EXPRESSIONS MAY BE FORMED BY USING COMBINATIONS OF TWO KINDS OF OPERATORS: RELATIONAL AND LOGICAL. RELATIONAL OPERATORS OPERATOR MEANING == EQUAL TO != NOT EQUAL TO LESS THAN = LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO GREATER THAN = GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO LOGICAL OPERATORS OPERATOR MEANING AND || OR ! NOT LOGICAL EXPRESSIONS ARE MADE UP OF VARIABLES, CONSTANTS AND OPERATORS. operand operator operand EXAMPLES: TRUTH TABLE || TRUTH TABLE ! TRUTH TABLE PRECEDENCE OF OPERATORS (REVISITED) THE if STATEMENT if STATEMENT INSTRUCTIONS ARE EXECUTED IN A LOGICAL ORDER THAT DIFFERS FROM THEIR PHYSICAL ORDER. A CONDITION IS EVALUATED, AND AN ACTION IS TAKEN DEPENDING ON THE TRUTH VALUE OF THE CONDITION (THE ANSWER CAN BE EITHER 1 (TRUE) OR 0 (FALSE). ONE ALTERNATIVE LOGIC FLOW OF if WITHONE ALTERNATIVE TWO ALTERNATIVES LOGIC FLOW OF if WITHTWO ALTERNATIVES COMPOUND STATEMENTSAND THE if EXAMPLE: MULTIPLE ALTERNATIVES SEQUENTIAL if VERSUSNESTED if STATEMENTS THE REPETITION OF TASKS IN A PROGRAM IS CALLED LOOPING. WITH THE while LOOP, IF A CONDITION EXISTS, TASK IS EXECUTED. AFTER THE EXECUTION OF THE TASK, THE CONDITION IS TESTED AGAIN. THIS CONTINUES AS LONG AS THE CONDITION REMAINS TRUE. WHAT IF THE LOGICAL EXPRESSION IS FALSE TO BEGIN WITH? TASK NEVER EXECUTES, AND FLOW OF CONTROL CONTINUES WITH THE FIRST STATEMENT FOLLOWING THE LOOP. statement_1a statement_1b ENTER EXIT true false logical expression THE “TASK” TO BE CARRIED OUT WITHIN THE if STATEMENT MAY BE SIMPLE OR COMPOUND. ASSIGNMENT STATEMENTS, FUNCTION CALLS, INPUT/OUTPUT STATEMENTS, OTHER if STATEMENTS, ETC. MAY ALSO BE INCLUDED IN ANY OF THE if ALTERNATIVES. if (total_grade = class_average) { passing_grade =