ELECTROLYTES - Kentucky Community and Technical College …：电解质-肯塔基社区与技术学院….ppt

ELECTROLYTES MEDICAL – SURGICAL II ELECTROLYTES Na+: most abundant electrolyte in the body K+: essential for normal membrane excitability for nerve impulse Cl-: regulates osmotic pressure and assists in regulating acid-base balance Ca2+: usually combined with phosphorus to form the mineral salts of bones and teeth, promotes nerve impulse and muscle contraction/relaxation Mg2+: plays role in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, storage and use of intracellular energy and neural transmission. Important in the functioning of the heart, nerves, and muscles MAJOR ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES Hyponatremia (sodium deficit 130mEq/L) Hypernatremia (sodium excess 145mEq/L) Hypokalemia (potassium deficit 3.5mEq/L) Hyperkalemia (potassium excess 5.1mEq/L) Chloride imbalance (98mEq/L or 107mEq/L) Magnesium imbalance (1.5mEq/L or 2.5mEq/L) SODIUM/CHLORIDE IMBALANCES Regulated by the kidneys Influenced by the hormone aldosterone Na is responsible for water retention and serum osmolality level Chloride ion frequently appears with the sodium ion Normal Na = 135-145 mEq/L Chloride 95-108 mEq/L Na and CL are concentrated in ECF Chloride Maintains serum osmolality along with Na Helps to maintain acid/base balance Combines with other ions for homeostasis; sodium, hydrochloric acid, potassium, calcium Closely tied to Na Decreased level is most commonly due to GI losses Sodium Functions Transmission and conduction of nerve impulses Responsible for osmolality of vascular fluids Regulation of body fluid levels Sodium shifts into cells and potassium shifts out of the cells (sodium pump) Assists with regulation of acid-base balance by combining with Cl or HCO3 to regulate the balance Chloride Functions Found in ECF Changes the serum osmolality Goes with Na in retention of water Assists with regulation of acid-base balance Cl combines with hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid in the stomach Food Sources High Sodium Bacon Corned beef Ham Catsup Potato chips Pretzels with salt Pickles Olives