Energy Band Diagrams - EECS User Home Pages能带图- EECS用户主页.pptVIP

Overview of Silicon Device Physics Dr. Ethan Farquhar University of Tennessee Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Silicon Energy Bands Electrons try to occupy the lowest energy band possible Not every energy level is a legal state for an electron to occupy These legal states tend to arrange themselves in bands Energy Bands Band Diagrams Conductor, Semiconductor or Insulator? Intrinsic Semiconductor Intrinsic Silicon Semiconductor Properties Doping Doping – Adding impurities to the silicon crystal lattice to increase the number of carriers Add a small number of atoms to increase either the number of electrons or holes Periodic Table Donors n-Type Material Donors n-Type Material Acceptors Make p-Type Material Acceptors Make p-Type Material The Fermi Function Boltzmann Distribution Band Diagrams (Revisited) Effect of Doping on Fermi Level Effect of Doping on Fermi Level * Nucleus Valence Band Energy Bands (Shells) Si has 14 Electrons Silicon is the primary semiconductor used in VLSI systems At T=0K, the highest energy band occupied by an electron is called the valence band. Silicon has 4 outer shell / valence electrons Allowed Energy States Disallowed Energy States Increasing Electron Energy } } Energy Bands Valence Band Conduction Band Energy Bandgap Eg EC EV Last filled energy band at T=0K First unfilled energy band at T=0K Eg EC EV Band Diagram Representation Energy plotted as a function of position EC ? Conduction band ? Lowest energy state for a free electron EV ? Valence band ? Highest energy state for filled outer shells EG ? Band gap ? Difference in energy levels between EC and EV ? No electrons (e-) in the bandgap (only above EC or below EV) ? EG = 1.12eV in Silicon Increasing electron energy Increasing voltage Conductor Semiconductor Insulator Examples Silver Copper Gold Silicon Si/Ge SiO2 Diamond - or - Overlapping Bands Partially Filled Bands Silicon has 4 outer shell / valence electrons Forms into a lattice structure to s