Concrete - 歡迎來到MyOOPS開放式課程介面.ppt

Concrete Structures Introduction to design methods in reinforced concrete Sustainable construction – is concrete “green”? Possibilities in concrete structure Technical concepts: Bending moment diagrams Reinforced vs. prestressed concrete Strut and tie method of design Outline Introduction to concrete as a material Stresses in bending Reinforced concrete vs. prestressed concrete Design methods Environmental issues Design possibilities Conclusions Unreinforced Concrete Same as masonry: it must act in compression (no resistance to tension) Roman Pantheon, 126 AD Beginnings of Reinforced Concrete Bending Stresses in a Beam Steel Reinforcing in Concrete Design Basis for Reinforced Concrete Reinforced vs. Prestressed Concrete Principles of Reinforcing Two design methods for concrete Conventional design: Determine moment diagram Specify steel in areas of tension Strut and tie models: Define internal forces in tension and compression (ties and struts) Specify steel in areas of tension Strut and Tie Modeling Strut and Tie Modeling Strut and Tie Modeling Strut and Tie Modeling What is concrete? Is concrete a green material? Construction and the Environment In the United States, buildings account for: 36% of total energy use (65% of electricity consumption) 30% of greenhouse gas emissions 30% of raw materials use 30% of waste output (136 million tons/year) 12% of potable water consumption -US Green Building Council (2001) Construction Waste US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that 136 million tons of waste is generated by construction each year Most results from demolition/renovation and nearly half the weight is concrete Embodied Energy per Stiffness Energy required for concrete Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete Corrosion Corrosion of RC In the United States, the overall costs of reinforcing steel corrosion have been estimated at more than $150 billion per year. A particular problem for highway bridges due to de-icing salts Co