Data Modeling - Gonzaga Student Web Server数据建模-冈萨加学生Web服务器.pptVIP

Data Modeling Professor Chen School of Business Administration Gonzaga University Spokane, WA 99258 Data Modeling The data model is a cornerstone for every information system, because it describes the entities that the system will create and maintain during its lifetime. Data Modeling (Cont.) Building the data model is probably the most important activity during requirements definition, because in the process of understanding how the data is organizaed and identifying the relationships that exist between entities, you can discover most of the functionality that the system will satisfy. Business area of Data Model The data model of a business area tends to be relatively stable, compared, for example, to the set of operational procedures or organizational structure, which changes frequently. Therefore, basing the implementation of the future system upon a well-defined data model is a good first step towards developing a system that meets the real requirements of the users. Techniques and Approaches Two techniques are used interchangeably to model the data of a system: Entity relationship model (E-R/M) Data normalization E-R/M and Normalization E-R/M (and EE-R/M) aims at identifying the entities that are part of the system, the attributes that make up these entities, and the dependencies between entities. Normalization makes the data model created using the E-R more robust and extends the life of systems based on the model. E-R and Normalization (Cont.) These two techniques go hand in hand and should be applied conscientiously during data modeling activities. Approaches to Data Modeling Two approaches to data modeling: Top-down Bottom-up Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Approach Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Approach Why Normalization? Remove the anomalies due to lack of flexibility ineffectiveness of data storage inefficiency of data manipulation operations inserts (additions) deletes (deletion) updates (modification) Denormalization and Why? Denormalization is the process of