Electron Configuration：.pptVIP

Electron Configuration Wave nature of matter De Broglie postulated that if light could act as particles, matter should exhibit wave properties. E = h f and c = l f So l = h m c Uncertainty Principle Heisenberg showed that the momentum and position can not be both known precisely. Quantum mechanics Schrodinger developed a mathematical treatment of both the wave and particle nature of matter called quantum mechanics. Orbital: probability density map of where the electron is likely to be. Shapes of Orbitals: s and p Shapes of Orbitals: d orbitals Orbitals Quantum numbers Quantum numbers describe the location of the electrons in an atom. Each electron has its own set of quantum numbers. What is an Electron Configuration? An electron configuration shows the placement of electrons in each element’s orbitals. Occupying orbitals s orbital can hold 2 electrons p orbitals can hold 6 electrons d orbitals can hold 10 electrons f orbitals can hold 14 electrons Orbital filling rules Aufbau Principle Lowest energy levels are filled first. Hund’s Rule An electron does not go into the same degenerate orbital as one already occupied. Pauli Exclusion Principle No two electrons in the same orbital may have the same spin. Hydrogen The orbital diagram for hydrogen can be represented in the following way. Helium The second electron goes into the 1s orbital with the opposite spin of the first electron. Boron Boron has 5 electrons. The electron can be placed in any of the three 2p orbitals. Carbon The placement of the next electron must follow Hund’s rule. Orbital diagrams show unpaired electrons. Nitrogen The placement of the next electron must follow Hund’s rule. This shows us 3 unpaired electrons. Oxygen The eighth electron must pair with one of the electrons in the 2p orbitals. Energy Level Order Order of filling orbitals Electron configuration This is a short-hand notation which identifies the level, the sublevel and the number of electrons in the subleve