Exploration and Expansion探索和拓展.pptVIP

Exploration and Expansion Essential Questions What factors contributed to the Europeans entrance into their age of discovery and expansion? What were the general consequences of European expansion? Technology Compass (China) Astrolabe (Arabs) Cartography (Ptolemy Byzantine Arabs) – latitude and longitude Triangle-shaped sails (Arabs) Gunpowder (China) Multiple masts Reasons for Expansion Trade with Asia Marco Polo Spices, silks in demand Cut off by Arab empires How do we find another way to Asia? Economic and political expansion Three G’s Gold - Wealth Glory – Power/Empire God - Christianity Portuguese Traveled down coast of Africa (Gold Coast) and over to India (spices) Prince Henry the Navigator – 1419, established a school for sailors Bartholomew Diaz – 1487, Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama – 1498, around Africa to India Spanish Columbus (1492) Financed by Ferdinand and Isabella Landed on San Salvador (Bahamas); made 3 more trips (Hispaniola, and Cuba) Called natives “Indians” Never realized he wasn’t in Asia! Amerigo Vespucci – suggested Columbus found the “New World” (Amerigo = America) Magellan 1519 Portuguese sailor sailing for Spain Sailed around S. America (Straight of Magellan) Killed in the Philippines First to circumnavigate the world Dividing the New World Spain and Portugal each claimed Turned to Pope for help 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas splits new territory Brazil = Portuguese Rest of South America = Spanish Spanish Empire Columbian Exchange Europe Received – corn, cocoa, potatoes, sweet potatoes, beans Americas Received – horses, cows, pigs, sugar; ultimately disease Conquistadors Cortes – took over Aztecs in Mexico Pizarro – took over Incas in Peru Encomienda Indians became slaves controlled by Spanish Indians were converted to Catholicism Bartolome de las Casas –monk; helped Indians European Rivals Dutch (Netherlands) Trading company in India Henry Hudson (1621) – claimed New Amsterdam on the Hudson River French Looked for the Northwest Passage