1 Explain why researchers originally thought protein was ：1解释为什么研究人员最初认为蛋白.pptVIP

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1 Explain why researchers originally thought protein was ：1解释为什么研究人员最初认为蛋白.ppt

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1 Explain why researchers originally thought protein was ：1解释为什么研究人员最初认为蛋白.ppt

Chapter 16 RQ What is a virus that infects bacteria called? Who actually took the X-ray diffraction photo of DNA’s structure? What are the bonds between nitrogenous bases? What does the “semiconservative model” describe? What does “ligase” do? 1. Explain why researchers originally thought protein was the genetic material. Proteins are macromolecules with great heterogeneity and functional specificity Little was known about nucleic acids The physical and chemical properties of DNA seemed too uniform to account for the multitude of inherited traits ? 2. Describe the experiment that led to the discovery that DNA was the genetic material in cells. Frederick Griffith in 1928 Trying to find a vaccine to fight pneumonia Experimented with the two strains of pneumococcus; smooth rough Smooth caused the disease, rough did not When dead S strain was mixed with live R, the mice DID die, indicating an acquired ability ? 3. Define ‘transformation’ and briefly discuss viruses and their effects on bacteria. Change in phenotype due to the assimilation of external genetic material by a cell Viruses can inject their information into cells and cause drastic changes in behavior ? 4. List the three components of a nucleotide. Pentose (5-C sugar) 2. Phosphate 3. Nitrogenous base ? 5. List the nitrogenous bases found in DNA, and distinguish between pyrimidine and purine. Pyrimidines 6 membered ring of carbon and nitrogen C – cytosine T – thymine (DNA) U – uracil (RNA) Purines 5 membered ring with 6 membered ring A – adenine G – guanine ? 6. Explain how Watson and Crick deduced the structure of DNA, and describe what evidence they used. Built models to conform to x-ray data - sugar phosphate backbone - nitrogenous base interior ? 7. Explain the “base-pairing rule” and describe it’s significance. A – T : 2 hydrogen bonds G – C : 3 hydrogen bonds Suggests the mechanisms for DNA replication Dictates combination of complementary pairs ? 8. Describe the structure of DNA, and explain w